A typical LED diode consists of a light-emitting LED chip surrounded by a transparent protective dome housing/lens. While most of the light produced by the chip goes straight through the casing, some is reflected back inside. Unfortunately, the reflected light is wasted because it doesn't get into the diode environment to provide the lighting. In addition, it raises the temperature inside the diode, causing the chip to degrade more quickly -- meaning leds don't end up lasting as long as other forms of lighting.

These particles act a bit like a mesh of microlenses, changing the Angle at which light comes into contact with the material. As a result, more than 20% of the light can pass through instead of being reflected back. That means more light can be emitted for the same amount of power, plus leds should be cooler, so they last longer.
The plan now is to use the technology to produce prototype diodes so that variables such as nanoparticle materials, size, shape and spacing can be tested and adjusted.
Dr Debabrata Sikdar of IIT Guwahati, a co-author of the study, said: "Although improvements to the casing have been proposed in the past, most would reduce the economic impact by making leds more bulky or difficult to manufacture. "We believe that based on basic theory and the detailed, balanced optimization analysis that we have done, our innovations can be introduced into existing manufacturing processes with little disruption or volume increase."

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