In addition, lamps used in industrial areas or office equipment do not need to be exposed to end users, such as street lamps and mall lighting, and leds do need to be isolated transformers.
The reliability of insulation and isolation must be considered as a product that allows the end user to use safely. As a complete product, the parts of the product surface that can be touched by the user must be isolated and not electrocuted. In terms of the whole system of the product, isolation is inevitable. The only difference is that the location of the isolation is different. Some designers use isolated transformer designs, so they can simplify the design of heat dissipation and lampshades. If a non-isolated drive design is used, reliable insulation requirements must be taken into account in structures such as lamp housing. As a result, isolated and non-isolated solutions always exist simultaneously as power drivers.

The main challenge that Chinese LED power supply manufacturers may face is to find low-cost AC/DC drives to meet the stricter power factor and efficiency performance in low-cost power supply systems. In the future, it will no longer be free to use high-quality, reliable power sources in space-constrained systems that have difficulty dissipating heat, such as LED lamps. However, before the end user has used many bulbs with a lifespan of around 10,000 hours, it is difficult to prove that they are of high quality.
Transformer based isolated LED drive power supply will be the mainstream

Several trends are driving the LED lighting market. The first is the continuous improvement in the efficiency of high-brightness leds and the proliferation of very efficient and reliable constant-current LED drives, followed by global legislation banning incandescent lighting (due to its inefficiency) and the gradual phasing out of CFLS (which, if broken, would release environmentally harmful mercury). The combination of these factors is making LED lighting a long-term trend. Of course, low system costs (including LEDS, thermal management systems, and LED drivers) will always be the driving force behind the widespread adoption of LED universal lighting by consumers.
In fact, failure is a common phenomenon in many LED lighting products, most of which are caused by power failure rather than LED failure. At the design level, this means that Oems must become experts in system thermal design. Leds provide high efficiency, but they also deliver more heat than incandescent or CFLS.
Because many LED lighting applications are enclosed in a small space, it is difficult to use ventilation to dissipate heat. Without careful thermal design, LEDS and power supply drive circuits can easily degrade or permanently fail due to high temperatures.

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